Concept behind Grounding or Earthing System

An earthing system or grounding system is circuitry which connects parts of the electric circuit with the ground, thus defining the electric potential of the conductors relative to the earth conductive surface.

In Simple terms, it is the method of connecting the metallic (conductive) parts of an electric appliances or installations to the earth (ground), hence it is called earthing or Grounding. In other words,  connecting the metallic parts of electrical devices and machinery to the earth rod or earth electrode (which is buried in the earth) through a thick conductor cable or flat as a medium between electrical device and earth rod/electrode. The main purpose of earthing is to avoid or minimize the danger of electrocution, fire due to earth leakage of current through undesired path occurs in the electrical device.

Current carrying conductor (conductive wire or flat) should be properly insulated as such the current passing from conductive cable or flat should not come in contact with any other good conductor surface like other wires, iron etc. If any such thing happens, a person touching such area will face the danger of electric shock.
 
Earthing System helps in two ways: 
1. Protects human life from uneven leakage of current caused in certain areas.
2. Saves electrical devices and equipment from getting damage from leakage current.
3.  Avoids risk of fire arising out of current leakage.

Components Required for Earthing Connections are as follows :
(A) Neutral Earthing (It is earthing done to the areas where direct passing of current takes place) - copper cable & copper flat as per standards, earth rod, coated nut bolt washers, PVC coated copper tape(black sleeve), insulators, earth-pit chamber cover etc.

(B) Body Earthing (It is the earthing done to the metallic body of electrical devices & appliances) - GI flat as per standards, GI mesh connector, coated nut bolt washers, earth rod, earth-pit chamber covers etc. 

PLATE EARTHING INSTALLATION DRAWING

This concept will be fully elaborated in the future post...

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